Sooner or later, thin furrows and folds of the skin - wrinkles - appear on the face of every woman. They can have different depths, but modern cosmetology techniques can make them less noticeable and even remove them completely. Moreover, thanks to proper facial skin care, you can delay their appearance for years.
Let's look at the types of wrinkles and their causes, as well as ways to remove them and methods of prevention.
Types of facial wrinkles
By locationCosmetologists identify wrinkles on the forehead, between the eyebrows and around the eyes, which are called "crow's feet".
In addition, there are nasolabial folds, marionette lines that run from the corners of the lips to the chin, and small wrinkles that appear above the upper lip.
In terms of depth, wrinkles are superficial, medium deep and deep.
- Surface wrinklesaffect the upper layer of the skin - the epidermis. As a rule, they are small, there can be many of them and they can occupy a large area. Such folds, which form a network of cracks, are most often caused by dry skin.
- Medium deep wrinklesthey occur when surface wrinkles develop and deepen into the middle layer of the skin - the dermis. This is mainly due to the fact that special cells called fibroblasts begin to synthesize less collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid.
- Deep wrinklesthey primarily occur in the areas of natural skin folds. Their development is associated with processes within the skin and subcutaneous fat tissue, muscle hypertonicity, structural characteristics of the face, and even genetic predisposition.
The tactics of prevention and fight against wrinkles depend on the cause of their appearance, so more attention should be paid to them.
The main reasons for the occurrence
There are several main factors that contribute to the appearance of deep holes or fine lines on our skin.
Natural aging
As a rule, after 40 years, age-related wrinkles begin to appear on the face. In response to the decrease in the production of female sex hormones, the production of collagen decreases, the rate of cell renewal decreases, and the skin loses moisture and elasticity.
In addition, gravitational ptosis can occur with age. When the soft tissues of the face weaken and lose elasticity, it becomes difficult to resist the force of gravity, so the oval of the face is deformed, the skin begins to hang, folds and deep wrinkles are formed.
Active facial expressions
Due to the active expression of the face, by the age of 20 you may have pronounced wrinkles. The point is that our facial muscles are attached to the skin, and it moves as the muscles contract and lengthen. If the facial muscle contracts regularly, over time the skin in the area of its activity stops straightening and a surface wrinkle is formed, which can later grow into a deep one.
Habits that we often do not notice in ourselves, such as forehead wrinkles, raising or frowning eyebrows, squinting and laughing, lead to the formation of wrinkles.
Photoaging
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the skin leads to cell damage and the so-calledphotoaging. UVA rays disrupt the processes taking place in the epidermis and destroy collagen and elastin in the dermis. As a result, facial skin becomes weakened, dehydrated and wrinkled.
Improper care
The appearance of wrinkles is often associated with dehydration of the skin and disruption of the exfoliation process of the keratinized cells of the epidermis. Therefore, skin care, including regular cleansing, nutrition and hydration, is extremely important.
If you don't follow these steps or use the wrong cosmetics, you can prematurely age your face and cause wrinkles to appear.
In addition, genetic predisposition and dry skin type can be to blame for the early appearance of noticeable wrinkles.
Aggravating factors
In addition to the main reasons, there are several additional factors that lead to the formation and deepening of wrinkles.
Health problems
Problems with the teeth and jaws can contribute to the appearance of wrinkles on the face. Some wrinkles, such as nasolabial folds and nasolacrimal grooves, become more pronounced due to swelling and fluid stagnation in the tissues.
Deterioration of skin quality and the appearance of sagging and wrinkles can be a manifestation of diseases of internal organs, such as endocrine glands, liver, kidneys or lungs.
Stress
Constant stress can also lead to wrinkles. During severe emotional stress, there is an increased production of cortisol, which slows down the production of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid by fibroblasts. As a result, the facial skin loses turgor, that is, the ability to return to its original state after compression and forms wrinkles.
When under stress, the blood vessels of the skin spasm, and the facial muscles tense up. All this gradually leads to the appearance of wrinkles.
Bad habits
All bad habits affect the beauty of our face.
Passive lifestyleworsens vascular tone and lymphatic drainage, which makes the skin less elastic and prone to wrinkles.
Sleeping late and constant lack of sleepthey lead to dehydration of the skin and take away the precious time that the body uses to renew the epidermis. The fewer hours of sleep per day now, the more wrinkles will be on your face in a few years.
Poor nutritionold skin. Strict diets, especially with insufficient amounts of protein, lead to the fact that the skin has nowhere to take material for building tissue. And the abundance of carbohydrates in the diet, including sweets, causes "sugaring" of collagen fibers, due to which they become brittle and lose elasticity. All this leads to premature aging and the formation of wrinkles.
Smoking- one of the main bad habits that affect the appearance of your face. Tobacco smoke contains many harmful compounds that lead to skin diseases, dehydration, loss of antioxidants in the skin and poor blood flow. Smokers have a much higher risk of developing deep wrinkles than non-smokers.
Wrinkles often appear due to a combination of several reasons.
Methods for treating wrinkles
There are many techniques to smooth out wrinkles and make your skin firm, fresh and radiant again.
Facial massage
Thanks to a good manual and hardware massage, you can improve blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, saturate tissues with oxygen, stimulate regenerative processes in the skin and remove swelling.
In addition, manual massage allows you to relax the deep muscles, return them to their previous length and position, and thus correct facial wrinkles.
The course of procedures gives a pronounced effect, but after just one session, wrinkles become less noticeable, and the face looks fresher and younger.
Despite the seemingly harmlessness of massage, this method of wrinkle correction has contraindications. It is impossible to stimulate blood circulation and lymphatic drainage in case of oncology, blood diseases and enlarged lymph nodes for any reason. Also, massage is contraindicated in neuralgia and skin problems: exacerbation of herpes, purulent inflammations and allergies.
People prone to allergic reactions should not use essential oils during facial massage.
Acid peeling
Surface and medium peels performed with cosmetic preparations containing acids are effective in the fight against wrinkles.
Surface peelingit helps exfoliate the upper keratinized cells of the facial skin, accelerates the process of renewal of the epidermis, evens out the texture and color of the skin and eliminates fine surface wrinkles. As a rule, salicylic, lactic or glycolic acid or a mixture of lactic and salicylic acid is used for this procedure.
Medium peelingpenetrates deeper into the dermis, stimulating the active synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid, skin renewal and smoothing or reduction of medium-deep wrinkles. It causes peeling and the appearance of crusts, requires a recovery period and the use of special care products, but has a more pronounced effect. To remove wrinkles, post-acne and other skin problems with its help, glycolic, trichloroacetic acid or yellow peeling are most often used.
However, without knowing how to properly apply an exfoliant, you can cause dermatitis even with a product with a mild acid content. Therefore, it is best to contact a cosmetologist for the procedure.
Botulinum therapy
Injections of drugs based on botulinum toxin are actively used to remove crow's feet, facial wrinkles on the forehead, between the eyebrows and in other areas. It temporarily immobilizes the muscle that forms the wrinkle, its fibers relax, regain their previous length, and the skin fold is also straightened.
The effect lasts for six months, after which the procedure must be repeated.
Botox itself is not dangerous and does not cause intoxication, because microscopic doses of neurotoxin are used to correct wrinkles. However, wrinkle correction should only be carried out by a professional - a cosmetologist who knows the structure of the face well, because complications are possible if the medicine is administered incorrectly.
Among the most unpleasant side effects are ptosis of the eyelids, drooping eyebrows and reduced mobility of the lips.
Plasmolifting
With the help of injections of plasma with a high platelet content, obtained from your own blood, you can stimulate skin regeneration processes and remove wrinkles.
Platelets contain growth factors that activate collagen and elastin production by fibroblasts. Thanks to them, plasma lifting restores firmness and elasticity to the skin, helps to remove expression lines and wrinkles associated with aging, provides a lifting effect and improves complexion.
The same technique is used to stimulate hair growth on the head.
Plasmolifting is safe, because the patient's own cells are used as medicine..
But such anti-wrinkle injections, like any cosmetic procedure, have contraindications. These are bleeding disorders, taking antithrombotic drugs, oncology with metastases and purulent inflammatory skin diseases.
Mesotherapy
Mesotherapy is effective for the correction of wrinkles and prevention of aging - by introducing microinjections of hyaluronic acid, vitamins, amino acids and other useful substances into the desired area chosen by the cosmetologist depending on the needs of the facial skin.
In addition to the components of the drug, microtrauma caused by a thin needle also works. They stimulate the skin's own regeneration processes and the production of collagen and elastin.
Mesotherapy is good for hydrating dry skin and fighting the first signs of aging, including surface wrinkles.
It has a short recovery period: bumps that remain on the skin after injections disappear after a few days.
The result of the course of procedures – reduction of the depth of wrinkles – lasts a year and a half.
But, in addition to traditional contraindications, mesotherapy is not suitable for those suffering from serious kidney diseases. And it is important to remember that there is a risk of an allergic reaction to the drug.
Smas lifting
SMAS lifting, the effect of which is compared to plastic surgery for lifting, helps to remove superficial and medium-deep wrinkles, less pronounced nasolabial folds and improves the shape of the face.
The device for this procedure emits ultrasound that penetrates deep into the skin to the muscle layer and stimulates the production of collagen and elastin.
The cosmetologist specially treats areas of the face with wrinkles for 30-90 minutes. In this case, the patient feels warmth, slight burning and tightening of the skin.
The most pronounced effect, including the correction of wrinkles on the face, is achieved approximately six months after the procedure and lasts for more than a year. In this case, only one session every few years is enough.
Contour plastic
Another option for correcting wrinkles is contour plastic surgery. During the procedure, a filler is injected under age and expressive wrinkles - a biodegradable gel of hyaluronic acid or the person's own fat tissue. The injection fills the gap, smoothes the skin and gives the face a younger look.
The same technique is used to restore the harmonious proportions of the face, including the contours and volume of the lips.
The effect of non-surgical contouring lasts up to two years.
But this is a rather serious procedure to remove wrinkles, which should be carried out only by a professional doctor and only with certified drugs. Low-quality filler, wrongly selected density or incompetent injection under wrinkles can lead to the opposite effect - the appearance of unevenness and even tissue fibrosis or distortion of facial expression.
Fractional photothermolysis
Fractional photothermolysis can be used to remove wrinkles of any depth and restore skin elasticity. The procedure uses a fractional laser. Its beam, broken into small beams, penetrates deep into the skin and damages it point by point, stimulating regeneration processes and activating collagen production.
Due to the fact that the laser works in a certain step and does not process all the tissue, the recovery is very fast.After the procedure, red dots appear on the face for a short time, but there are no serious thermal burns.
Already after one session, a pronounced rejuvenation effect and the disappearance or reduction of wrinkles is noticeable.
The procedure is moderately painful and has a recovery period.
Laser peeling
In addition to fractional, i. e. targeted photothermolysis, general laser peeling is also used to combat wrinkles, whereby the entire face is treated evenly. It exfoliates dead cells layer by layer by vaporizing tissue areas, and the depth of impact can be superficial or medium.
The effect of the anti-wrinkle procedure is similar to acid peels, with the difference that a laser is used instead of acid for peeling.
A few sessions of laser rejuvenation can smooth fine lines and reduce deep age and expression lines.
But there is more damage after medium laser peeling than after fractional exposure, so a longer recovery period is required.
To choose the optimal procedure for fighting wrinkles, it is best to consult a cosmetologist. He will evaluate the condition of the facial skin and the general condition of the organism, indications and contraindications for the use of various cosmetic methods against wrinkles and recommend the most effective and safest method.
Prevention of wrinkles: the advice of a cosmetologist
You can prevent the formation and deepening of wrinkles with proper skin care and replacing some bad habits with healthy ones.
Care that will keep your skin young
Care that includes quality cleansing, moisturizing, nourishing the skin and protecting the face from ultraviolet radiation will help delay the appearance of wrinkles.
For exfoliation of old cells, cosmetologists recommend using acids.
Cosmetic products with hyaluronic acid are especially good for moisturizing the skin and preventing wrinkles.
To stimulate collagen production and preserve its fibers, pay attention to cosmetics with retinol, peptides and antioxidants.
In addition to basic care - creams that protect the facial skin during the day and restore it at night, you can additionally use serums with concentrates of useful substances for the prevention of wrinkles.
Instead of choosing cosmetics by trial and error, it is better to schedule an appointment with a cosmetologist. He will write you an optimal care program, choosing products that match the needs of your skin.
Habits that will help delay the appearance of wrinkles
A few more recommendations will help slow down the formation of wrinkles.
- Dream. For facial skin regeneration, it is useful to sleep at least 7 hours a day.
- Water. In order to activate the metabolic processes of the skin, it is necessary to drink enough water - about 2 liters per day.
- Nutrition. Building healthy, firm, wrinkle-free skin requires a balanced diet with plenty of protein, fatty acids and vegetables. At the same time, it is important to limit flour and sweets.
- To exercise.For good blood circulation and lymphatic drainage in the facial area, you need to move. Not only any sports activities are suitable, but also walks in the fresh air.
- Relaxation. To prevent the appearance of wrinkles, it is important to learn to relax the facial muscles. A visit to a massage or self-massage salon, as well as psychological practices, will help in this.
- Calm. In order to prevent premature aging of the skin and the appearance of wrinkles, it is advisable to learn how to deal with stress and let it into your life as little as possible.
Proper care and lifestyle changes will improve the health and appearance of the facial skin, as well as reduce the number of wrinkles that will appear in the future.
Trust experienced cosmetologists, take care of your appearance, sign up for cosmetic procedures in professional centers with qualified doctors.